Your Constitutional Rights

Facing allegations or charges in the criminal justice system will feel overwhelming. If a person hasn’t been involved with the system before, he may think it’s possible to talk his way out of the problem. Despite watching television shows where police officers talk about the Miranda warning, people who’ve never been in the system before want to believe that they’re not really a criminal, and they want to believe that others won’t see them as a criminal either. 

But that isn’t so. It’s the reason people should get a basic understanding of Constitutional rights if they’re facing a criminal charge.

The Miranda warning comes from the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966). The Court held that, before custodial interrogation, law enforcement must inform a suspect of specific constitutional rights derived from the Fifth and Sixth Amendments.

The Court wrote:

“He must be warned prior to any questioning that he has the right to remain silent, that anything he says can be used against him in a court of law, that he has the right to the presence of an attorney, and that if he cannot afford an attorney one will be appointed for him prior to any questioning if he so desires.”
— Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 479 (1966)

To put the rights into plain English, the officer might say: 

1. You have the right to remain silent.
   
   
2. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law.
   
   
3. You have the right to talk to a lawyer and to have the lawyer present with you while you are being questioned.
   
   
4. If you cannot afford to hire a lawyer, one will be appointed to represent you before any questioning if you wish.
   
   
5. You can decide at any time to exercise these rights and not answer any questions or make any statements.
   
   

The officer may then ask:  “Do you understand these rights as they have been read to you?”

People will say yes.

Then, the officer will ask: “Having these rights in mind, do you wish to talk to us now?”

Unfortunately, many people will then proceed to try and talk their way out of a problem. 

Don’t do it.

At Prison Professors, we provide free resources to help you understand your rights and prepare for the best possible outcome. To work toward the best outcome, start by educating yourself on what you should and should not do if you’ve been charged with a crime. invest your time in learning directly from reliable sources such as:

• The U.S. Constitution
  
  
• The Code of Federal Regulations
  
  
• Free resources available at PrisonProfessors.org
  
  

For those who want personalized one-on-one guidance, visit our nonprofit partner: WhiteCollarAdvice.com/Nonprofit.

The Fifth Amendment: Right Against Self-Incrimination

The Fifth Amendment protects individuals from being compelled to testify or provide evidence against themselves. Practically, this means:

• You don’t have to talk to law enforcement officers if you don’t want to talk to them. You can invoke the Fifth Amendment Right against providing any kind of evidence that the system would use against you. 
• You should expect that people in the system will use anything and everything you say against you. 
• If you choose to speak, you must tell the truth—lying can result in new charges.

Key takeaway: Invoking your Fifth Amendment right is not an admission of guilt—it is a constitutional safeguard.

The Risk of Not Knowing Your Rights

One young woman, unaware of her rights, complied when officers instructed her to drive to the police station. She did not assert her Fifth Amendment protections. As a result, law enforcement searched her car and gathered evidence that they later used to bring charges against her. Had she invoked her Fifth Amendment rights, the officers would not have had any evidence against her, and would not have brought charges. This case underscores why never speaking with law enforcement without an attorney is a rule to live by.

Search Warrants and Subpoenas

• Search Warrant:
  Issued by a judge when law enforcement demonstrates probable cause. It allows the government to search your home, office, vehicle, or other property.
  
  
• Subpoena:
  A legal order that compels a person to testify before a grand jury or produce documents.
  
  
  
  • Subpoena ad testificandum: Requires personal testimony.
    
    
  • Subpoena duces tecum: Requires production of documents, such as financial records or emails.
    
    

Responding to subpoenas and warrants requires careful legal strategy. A defense attorney can help you decide when to cooperate and when to resist.

Why You Need a Defense Attorney

While educating yourself is essential, a competent defense attorney is your strongest protection. Attorneys understand how prosecutors build cases and can advise whether cooperation, silence, or negotiation is in your best interest.

Remember: the justice system often rewards convictions, not necessarily fairness. Protecting your rights means being strategic at every stage.

How Prison Professors Helps

At PrisonProfessors.org, we provide:

• Free articles, lessons, and resources about the criminal justice process.
  
  
• Tools to help you understand constitutional rights, sentencing, and mitigation strategies.
  
  
• AI-powered guides curated from federal codes and our decades of lived experience.

If you have questions about your particular case, or want guidance, use our free chat bot. We train our chat bot to provide free information that will help you move forward with confidence and work more effectively with an attorney. I highly recommend that you invest in yourself and not hire any sales-y type consultants. Although I am not available to offer personal consultations, if you want one-on-one interaction, I encourage you to visit our sponsor’s website:

WhiteCollarAdvice.com/Nonprofit.

Justin Paperny is the founder of that website, and he offers regular, interactive webinars with hopes of helping members of our community. Help yourself.

Key Takeaways

1. Educate yourself—don’t rely on predatory consultants.
   
   
2. Fifth Amendment rights allow you to remain silent and avoid self-incrimination.
   
   
3. Search warrants and subpoenas are powerful legal tools—understand the difference.
   
   
4. Always consult with a defense attorney before speaking to law enforcement or responding to legal demands.
   
   

Use free resources at PrisonProfessors.org to prepare and protect yourself.